Linux - shell commands & snippets

Find file & directory, change permissions

find ./ -name 'crontab'
# search for a filename in given dir
find ./app/ -name '*.css'


# search for a directory 
find / -type d -name 'httpdocs'


#search and replace in files and subdirectory 
find ./ -type f -exec sed -i 's/yourDoamin.com/g' {} +


# change permissions for files and directories
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Recursively Search All Files For A String using 'grep' and 'find'

# grep
#
grep -Ril "text-to-find-here" /
# i stands for ignore case (optional in your case).
# R stands for recursive following symlinks too.
# r stands for recursive.
# l stands for "show the file name, not the result itself".
# / stands for starting at the root of your machine.
#
#
# You can also specify directory name:
grep -r -l "foo" /path/to/dir/*.c
#
## Using find command to search recursively
# -type f - stands for files
# -type d - stands for directories
#
cd /path/to/dir
find . -type f -exec grep -l "word" {} +
find . -type f -exec grep -l "seting" {} +
find . -type f -exec grep -l "foo" {} +
find /search/dir/ -type f -name "*.c" -print0 | xargs -I {} -0 grep "foo" "{}"
# 
## Search /etc/ directory for 'nameserver' word in all *.conf files ##
find /etc/ -type f -name "*.conf" -print0 | xargs -I {} -0 grep "nameserver" "{}"
#
## Older UNIX version should use xargs to speed up things:
find /path/to/dir -type f | xargs grep -l "foo"
#
## OR use the following OSX/BSD/find or GNU/find example:
find /path/to/dir/ -type f -name "file-pattern" -print0 | xargs -I {}  -0 grep -l "search-term" "{}"
## OR ##
find /mycool/project/ -type f -name "*.py" -print0 | xargs -I {}  -0 grep -H --color "methodNameHere" "{}"
## OR search all files in /etc/ dir for 'nameserver' word ##
find /etc/ -iname "*" -type f -print0  |  xargs -0 grep -H "nameserver"

File permissions for TYPO3 & sticky bit

# directories

find ./typo3-12-dev-rsp -type d -exec chmod 2775 {} \;

# files

find ./typo3-12-dev-rsp -type f -exec chmod 0664 {} \;

TYPO3 www-data default group on raspberry pi4 environment & Debian 12 / Apache2
New files, created by user or typo3 will belong to the group ‘ www-data’. Take in advance, where ( folder ) the sticky bit ( e.g. chmod 2775 ) was fired.

# Add www-data group to webserver user as default-group 

groupmod -a -U myuser www-data

 

# change permissions and group to typo3 folder

chown -R myuser:www-data ./*

Create the docker group

sudo groupadd docker
#Add your user to the docker group.
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

wget & FTP

wget -r ‘ftp://username:password@ip/directoryname’

Directories & sizes

du -sh */ .*/ | sort -n

SAMBA Commands and Configuration 

# Adding an existing user to the Samba database is a matter of running the

smbpasswd -a user



# command; this command asks for the password interactively.

A user can be deleted with
# command; this command asks for the password interactively.
# A user can be deleted with
smbpasswd -x user
# command. A Samba account can also be temporarily disabled (with smbpasswd -d user) and re-enabled later (with smbpasswd -e user).
#
    ------  The profiles directory should be in 


        /home/samba/profiles
    ------- Start, Restart, Stop options
systemctl restart smbd
    You can also do this way:
    Start
    sudo /etc/init.d/smbd start


    Stop
    sudo /etc/init.d/smbd stop


    Restart
    sudo /etc/init.d/smbd restart

######################### NEUE DOKU FÜR EINRICHTUNG BENUTZER AUTHENTIFIZIERUNG ###########
Benutzereingeschränkte Konfiguration
Dieses Konfigurationsbeispiel zeigt nun, wie Sie eine SMB-Freigabe mit Authentifizierung vornehmen. Dafür wird ein Benutzer smbuser am Debian System angelegt und in der Konfigurationsdatei smb.conf ein Share-Eintrag restricted ergänzt.

SMB-User anlegen, weitergehende Informationen dazu zeigt der Wikiartikel Samba-Server Security im Abschnitt Benutzerzugriff.

$ sudo useradd -s /bin/false smbuser

Passwort setzen

$ sudo smbpasswd -a smbuser

Eintrag in der Datei smb.conf:

[global]

workgroup = smb

security = user

map to guest = never

[homes]

comment = Home Directories

browsable = no

read only = no

create mode = 0750

[restricted]

valid users = smbuser

#Wir beschränken den Zugriff auf den User ''smbuser''

#valid users = @smbusers

#Alternativ kann auch auf eine Benutzergruppe eingeschränkt werden

path = /media/storage2/

public = no

writable = yes

comment = smb restricted share

printable = no

guest ok = no

create mask = 0600

directory mask = 0700

Diese Konfiguration verwendet den Beispiel-Mountpoint /media/storage2. Um den Zugriff auf die Freigabe möglichst stark einzuschränken, wird dieser Mountpoint /media/storage2 dem Benutzer smbuser zugeordnet und mit den Verzeichnisrechten 700 versehen, damit nur dieser Benutzer (und natürlich root) Lese- und Schreibzugriff erhalten.

$sudo chown -R smbuser:smbuser /media/storage2

$sudo chmod 700 /media/storage2

Neustart von Samba

Damit die Konfiguration übernommen wird, müssen Sie den Samba Dienst neustarten. Dies erfolgt unter Debian 8 mit systemd.

$ sudo systemctl restart smbd.service

################################################### IP DES SAMBA SERVERS #######

Windows- und Samba-Maschinen finden Sie auf der Konsole mit den Befehlen 
-> smbtree 
und 
-> findsmb
shows :
                               +=LMB
IP ADDR         NETBIOS NAME     WORKGROUP/OS/VERSION 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.178.25  DEN-BE-23     +[    SMB           ]

Mounting samba from debian to debian

mount -t cifs -o username=den_raspi,password='your-password',uid=1000,gid=1000 //192.168.178.26/ssdhome /home/user/ssd_mount240

Change CLI php version

alias php=/opt/plesk/php/7.0/bin/php